Which process requires oxygen, as seen in activities such as running and soccer?

The correct process that requires oxygen during activities like running and soccer is aerobic metabolism. This process involves the use of oxygen to convert glucose, fats, and proteins into energy. Aerobic metabolism is efficient for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell, over extended periods of steady, moderate-intensity activities. It supports endurance activities by sustaining energy levels, as the oxygen supply allows the body to maintain prolonged physical exertion, which is particularly important in sports that require sustained, rhythmic activities like running or playing soccer.

In contrast, anaerobic processes do not rely on oxygen. They are activated during high-intensity, short-duration activities where rapid energy bursts are needed, such as sprinting or heavy lifting. Metabolic is a broader term that encompasses all biochemical reactions that provide energy for bodily functions, but it does not specifically point to the need for oxygen. Lactic refers to the lactic acid that is produced during anaerobic respiration, indicating a shift from aerobic metabolism when the oxygen supply is insufficient to meet the energy demands of the activity.